WRITTEN
TEST FOR MUD LOGGING GEOLOGIST
WHAT ARE SOURCE ROCKS?
Source
rock in an organic matter if heated sufficiently will generate oil or gas. Ex: Shale,
and Limestone, etc,
WHAT ARE RESERVOIR ROCKS?
A subsurface body of rock
having sufficient porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids. Ex: Sand, Limestone, etc.
WHAT ARE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?
Sand, Sandstone, limestone, clay,
claystone, shale, siltstone, etc.,
WHAT ARE CLASTIC ROCKS?
Sedimentary rocks are
classified on the basis of the texture (grain size) of the rock, and
composition.
It is physically or
mechanical Weatherly formed. Examples: sand, claystone, siltstone, etc.
WHAT ARE CARBONATE ROCKS?
Carbonate rocks are "Chemical or
Biochemical" in origin.
Limestone:
1. Calcite &
2.Aragonite
Dolostone :1.Dolomite
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE?
Limestone
is a fast reaction with HCL (caco3) and Dolomite is a slow reaction with HCL Ca(Mgco3)2
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHALE AND CLAYSTONE?
Shale: hard, fissility, dark color, sharp edge. Claystone: smooth, firm,
friable, subblocky.
WHY DO WE SEE SAMPLES
IN ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT?
To find the cut fluorescence.
WHAT ARE CAVINGS AND HOW MANY TYPES OF CAVINGS?
Pieces of rock that came from the wellbore but that were not removed directly by the action of the drill bit. Caving can be splinter, shares, chunks and various shapes of rock usually spalling from shale sections that have become unstable. The shape of the caving can indicate why the rock failure occurred. The term is typically used in the plural form.
WHICH TYPES OF GASES ARE ENCOUNTERED
FROM BOREHOLE?
Two types of gases
1. Continues gases
2. Discontinues gases
Continued gases:
Are entered as a smooth curve, examples being background gas and gas shows.
Discontinues gases: are
entered in histogram fashion, or high peak and sudden less peak Examples:
connection gas, trip gas, pump off-gas, survey gas, etc.
WHY DO WE RUN CARBIDE?
It allows for a check
on the lag time and it serves as a check on the efficiency of the gas equipment.
WHAT IS
THE MEANING OF HOLE INTAKE? WRITE FORMULA OF HOLE
INTAKE OF 1 FT OF 8½” SECTION.
During drilling, the open hole will take or fill some mud which is called hole intake. OD2/1029.4 =
0.0701 bbl/ft.
WHAT
IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RPM AND TORQUE? WHAT ARE NORMAL CONDITIONS AND WHAT
ARE ABNORMAL CONDITIONS?
Both directional proposion. During hard
formation drilling, torque will be more. Which means the rotary took more
power. During soft formation drilling torque will be less. Which means the rotary took less power. Note: In case the
bit life has gone; the torque will indicate
more vibration or abnormal reading which is called abnormal conditions.
WHICH TYPE OF BIT TORQUE IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT?
Rock Bit while washed-out torque will
more these are very important.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOB AND HOOK LOAD?
Indirect proposion, during drilling when they apply more weight on bit, HL will reduce. When the hook will lift WOB will reduce and HL will more. This measures the tension on the deadline portion of the drilling line. It is used in weight on it and cable stretch calculations.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOW IN AND STANDPIPE PRESSURE? WHAT ARE NORMAL CONDITIONS AND WHAT ARE ABNORMAL CONDITIONS?
These are direct
proposion When pumping through standpipe will get a certain SPP.
Normal condition: When
increase flow; the standpipe pressure must be increased, when decrease flow the
standpipe pressure must decrease.
Abnormal condition: When
increased flow SPP less mean, maybe mud cut or unbalanced mud weight.
WHAT IS A DRILLING BREAK?
This allows rapid
changes in the Rate of penetration (ROP) or drill breaks, possibly indicative of the change in lithology, to be picked up quickly
There are two types:
1. A fast or Positive Drill break, Drill break
is when there is a sharp, increase in ROP (Soft formation ex: sand)
2. A Slow or Negative Drill break is
when there is a sharp, decrease in ROP (Hard formation ex: claystone, shale)
WHAT IS BACK REAMING?
When the open hole is more depth, they will pull back to the casing shoe with mud circulation, which is called
back reaming.
WHAT IS HOLE INCLINATION?
This is the angle from vertical
measured in the vertical plane. Vertical is 0 degrees.
WHAT IS HOLE AZIMUTH?
This is the direction
of the deviation measured in the horizontal plane. North is 0 degrees and 360 degrees the increase being clockwise.
WHAT ARE DOWNSTROKES?
Total pipe capacity/pump output is called downstroke.
WHAT ARE LAG STROKES?
After the rock is cut by the bit at the bottom, it takes a certain stroke to reach the surface which is called a lag stroke. Total annular volume/ pump output.
WHAT ARE SURFACE TO SURFACE STROKES
Surface to the subsurface to travel it
take certain stroke this is called a surface stroke.
WHAT IS WATER-BASED MUD?
A drilling fluid (mud) in which water or
saltwater is the major liquid phase as well as the wetting external phase.
General categories of water base mud are freshwater, seawater, salt water,
lime, potassium, and silicate.
WHAT IS OIL BASE MUD?
Mud in which the external phase is a product obtained forms an oil, such as diesel oil or mineral oil.
Oil mud is more exactly defined as synthetic base mud. Synthetic mud is analogous to oil mud.
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